Borders are characterized by motifs repeating itself infinitely along a straight line or finitely along a circle. Border patterns are classified into several types, ranging on their symmetry properties.

Calligraphy is especially revered among Islamic artists since it reflects a balanced, harmonious world-view and is the primary means for the preservation of the Quran.

Ornaments. A decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object. Its composition is quite simple, consisting of stems of greater or lesser complexity, coiled or forming geometrical shapes, or accentuated with stylized flora.

Motifs. The ornamental or decorative art. A motif is an element of a pattern, or a part of an overall image or theme. It is usually repeated within a design, either twice or many times. The design composition of mosques in Islamic culture usually include motifs.

Designs are derived from various sources of inspiration. Some are derived from nature, such as patterns and structures found in natural objects. The visual arts, such as sculpture, painting, prints and ceramics also help bring forth ideas. Even from our environment, we derive design ideas.

Decors. A distinct tradition of decorative art, ranging from simple and elegant elements to complex and highly ornate interlocking patterns. The development of decorative elements has over the centuries blended many influences to create a rich diversity of arts, styles, and techniques.

Patterns are very commonly used but are not always noticeable because they remain in the background. They serve the purpose of supporting the overall design, replacing a standard background color and creating a more inviting atmosphere.